The introduction should describe previous research on the topic that has led to the unanswered questions being addressed by the experiment and should cite important previous papers that form the background for the experiment. The introduction provides the background information necessary to understand why the described experiment was conducted. Therefore it is important that the abstract accurately and succinctly presents the most important information in the article. If searchers do not have electronic access to the journal in which the article is published, the abstract is the only means that they have to decide whether to go through the effort (going to the library to look up the paper journal, requesting a reprint from the author, buying a copy of the article from a service, requesting the article by Interlibrary Loan) of acquiring the article. Abstracts are generally freely available in electronic form and are often presented in the results of an electronic search. It essentially serves as an "advertisement" for the paper that readers use to determine whether or not they actually want to wade through the entire paper or not. It should be a self-contained unit capable of being understood without the benefit of the text of the article. The purpose of the abstract is to allow potential readers of a paper to find out the important points of the paper without having to actually read the paper. When writing a paper, the abstract is always the last part to be written. It usually concludes with a brief statement of the importance of the results. It also describes the results in a summarized way that usually includes whether or not the statistical tests were significant. It describes what was done, but without details. There may be a very brief statement of the rationale for conducting the study. It does not generally include background information.
The abstract is a short summary (150-200 words or less) of the important points of the paper. Experimental Design Project Toggle Dropdown.11 Reporting the Results of a Statistical Test.6 Scatter plot, trendline, and linear regression.5.6 Discussing statistics in your scientific writing.5.4 A test for differences of sample means: 95% Confidence Intervals.5.2 P and Detecting Differences in Variable Quantities.3.3 Calculating Descriptive Statistics using Excel.3.1 Describing Quantities and Their Variation.
#Universal database all subjects questions manual#
Excel Reference and Statistics Manual Toggle Dropdown.
Appendix A: Calculation Final Concentrations.3.1 Specific details regarding scientific writing.Scientific Literature Guide Toggle Dropdown.
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